The need to reform the United Nations is increasingly urgent

The UN Secretary-General's message at the beginning of the year touched on the various critical points that contribute to endangering world peace and stability. The message states that the same problems were highlighted the previous year and that remained to make most of the planet insecure. This finding highlights once again the increasingly marginal role of the United Nations, hostage of a Security Council where the policy of cross vetoes is in place, functional to the interests of permanent members and which therefore denotes the need for a reform capable of account of the large variations present in the current historical period compared to the end of the Second World War. The responsibilities of geopolitical divisions, climate change and profound inequality are the triggering causes of conflicts, of ungoverned migrations and of social injustice, which, without being resolved, produce instabilities that can range from regional to wider scale. Having ascertained that these issues are actually the cause of situations made even more serious by the single contingencies, it is necessary to question what the role of the United Nations can be in contributing to the resolution of conflicts and the management of dangerous situations in a preventive and not subsequent manner. The fundamental question is what role can be exercised and claimed by an organization which, despite representing the highest summit of international organizations, suffers from obvious limitations to its action. If the presence of an organization that has to be above the others is a necessity, in order to maintain a neutral meeting space between opposing powers, it is necessary to verify if there is space to make its policies effective and to give them autonomy. greater to achieve the results. The UN Secretary-General has spoken of signs of hope for the future of the world thanks to the agreements reached between Ethiopia and Eritrea, for Yemen, for the agreement between the parties to the conflict in South Sudan, for the potential consequences of the Conference on climate of Katowice and the progress of the agreements for migrants. It is, no doubt, tangible facts, which, however, are conditioned too often by the limited participation of great powers or the only verbal assent of different nations, which then, in practice, disregard what has been signed. It must be recognized that the action of the United Nations, in a very fragmented international context and profoundly different from bilateralism following the Second World War, is much more difficult precisely because of the multitude of subjects involved in the various emergencies present on the diplomatic scene. More subjects present mean greater interests involved, interests, in turn, conditioned by the needs of the historical moment, which no longer concerns a medium or long period but is conditioned by the need to achieve results in the short term, be they geopolitical, military or financial. These variables are decisive in the action of an organization that has increasingly limited resources in the face of the emergencies it faces and the availability of resources of the subjects with whom it must seek agreements. However, an action aimed at finding spaces for negotiated solutions, also through the contact of peoples put into communication with each other, often by word alone in the form of negotiation, requires a greater international involvement that must be sought through the overcoming of the logic of the functioning of the Security Council. The global world, precisely because of its definition involves a multitude of actors that can not be influenced by the decisions and privileges of permanent members, elitè now too restricted of the world assembly and therefore absurd and insufficient to decide on issues so broad and with too general consequences. Supranational subjects such as the European Union, but also the Arab League or the African Union should be the interpreters from which it should start pressure for a reform of the United Nations, responding to current needs consistent with the historical period we are living. Only in this way will it be possible to see a UN action with a greater chance to fulfill its task, through the result of increasingly concrete results.